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--- med:imperforate_anus [2017/12/02 01:43] – 만듦 V_L
+++ med:imperforate_anus [2017/12/02 02:54] (현재) – V_L
@@ 줄 1: / 줄 1: @@
 {{tag>imperforate anus}}
 {{page>:틀#의학}}
-====== 항문폐쇄 ( Imperforate anus )======
+====== 항문폐쇄 (Imperforate anus)======
 태아의 발생 과정에서 직장과 비뇨기계통의 분리가 완전하지 않으면서 항문이 생기지 못한 질환으로 약 5,000명 생존 신생아당 1명의 꼴로 발생합니다.
+ /*
+An imperforate anus is a birth defect that happens while your baby is still growing in the womb. This defect means that your baby has an improperly developed anus, and therefore can’t pass stool normally from their rectum out of their body.*/
 =====진단 및 검사=====
+ /*
+An imperforate anus is a birth defect that happens while your baby is still growing in the womb. This defect means that your baby has an improperly developed anus, and therefore can’t pass stool normally from their rectum out of their body.
+*/
 산전 초음파 검사의 발달에도 불구하고 산전에 진단이 되지 않는 경우가 있을 수 있습니다.
 출생직후 항문이 없거나 항문의 위치가 아닌 곳에 구멍이 발견되는 경우에 진단할 수 있습니다.
 태변이 나오는 위치 (예, 회음푸 피부쪽, 요도, 혹은 질)를 확인하는 것이 항문폐쇄의 종류를 결정하고 수술적 방침을 결정하는데에 매우 중요합니다.
+  * no anal opening
+  * an anal opening in the wrong place, such as too close to the vagina
+  * no stool in the first 24 to 48 hours of life
+  * stool passing through the wrong place, such as the urethra, vagina, scrotum, or the base of the penis
+  * a swollen abdomen
+  * an abnormal connection, or fistula, between your baby’s rectum and their reproductive system or urinary tract
 필요에 따라서는 수술 전에 초음파 검사로 항문 주머니와 피부 사이의 거리를 측정하여 수술에 도움을 주기도 합니다. 많게는 약 30%에서 동반기형이 (척추뼈, 심장, 기관 식도루, 신장, 손 발가락 등) 있을 수 있으므로 심장 및 복부 초음파 등 다양한 검사가 필요합니다.
+  * kidney and urinary tract defects
+  * abnormalities of the spine
+  * windpipe, or tracheal, defects
+  * esophageal defects
+  * defects of the arms and legs
+  * Down syndrome, which is a chromosomal condition associated with cognitive delay, intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone
+  * Hirschsprung’s disease, which is a condition involving missing nerve cells of the large intestine
+  * duodenal atresia, which is an improper development of the first part of the small bowel
+  * congenital heart defects
 ===== 치료=====
@@ 줄 23: / 줄 50: @@
-What is an imperforate anus?
-An imperforate anus is a birth defect that happens while your baby is still growing in the womb. This defect means that your baby has an improperly developed anus, and therefore can’t pass stool normally from their rectum out of their body.
 According to the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, about 1 out of every 5,000 babies has an imperforate anus or other malformation of the anus or rectum. It occurs more often in boys than girls. The rectum, bladder, and vagina of a female baby with an imperforate anus sometimes share one large opening. This opening is called a cloaca.
-The condition develops in the womb during the fifth to seventh weeks of pregnancy. The cause is unknown. Many times babies with this condition also have other defects of the rectum.
-Doctors usually can diagnose this condition shortly after birth. This is a very serious condition that requires immediate treatment. Most babies will need surgery to repair the defect. The outlook following surgery is very positive.
-SYMPTOMS
-What are the symptoms of an imperforate anus?
-The signs of imperforate anus are usually obvious soon after birth. They include:
-no anal opening
-an anal opening in the wrong place, such as too close to the vagina
-no stool in the first 24 to 48 hours of life
-stool passing through the wrong place, such as the urethra, vagina, scrotum, or the base of the penis
-a swollen abdomen
-an abnormal connection, or fistula, between your baby’s rectum and their reproductive system or urinary tract
-About half of all babies born with imperforate anus have additional abnormalities. Some of these may be:
-kidney and urinary tract defects
-abnormalities of the spine
-windpipe, or tracheal, defects
-esophageal defects
-defects of the arms and legs
-Down syndrome, which is a chromosomal condition associated with cognitive delay, intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone
-Hirschsprung’s disease, which is a condition involving missing nerve cells of the large intestine
-duodenal atresia, which is an improper development of the first part of the small bowel
-congenital heart defects
-DIAGNOSIS
-How is an imperforate anus diagnosed?
-A doctor can usually diagnose an imperforate anus by performing a physical exam after birth. An X-ray of the abdomen and abdominal ultrasound can help reveal the extent of the abnormalities.
-After diagnosing imperforate anus, your baby’s doctor should also test for other abnormalities associated with this condition. Tests used may include:
 X-rays of the spine to detect bone abnormalities